This study investigated the effect of farmer-herder conflicts on food security in Benue State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 375 respondents comprising farmers, herders, community leaders, and government officials using a structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. The findings revealed that the causes of farmer-herder conflicts include competition over land and water resources, crop destruction by cattle, climate change–induced migration, proliferation of arms, and weak policy implementation. The conflicts were characterized by violent attacks, mass killings, displacement of farming communities, and destruction of farmlands and properties. As a result, agricultural productivity has drastically declined due to abandoned farms, reduced crop yields, loss of livestock, and disrupted market supply chains, leading to high food prices. The conflicts were also found to have negatively affected food security, reducing food availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability, with many families skipping meals or depending on less nutritious food. The study concluded that farmer-herder conflicts pose a serious threat to agricultural development and food security in Benue State. It recommended effective land-use policies, strengthened conflict resolution mechanisms, improved security measures, and livelihood support for affected households to mitigate the impact of the conflicts.